CLF261 - - AGRICULTURE CORE CURRICULUM - - (CLF200) Core Area: ANIMAL SCIENCE (CLF260) Unit Title: NUTRITION AND FEEDS ______________________________________________________________________________ (CLF261) Topic: NUTRIENT NEEDS time taught in year 2 hours 1 ______________________________________________________________________________ Topic objectives: Upon completion of this lesson the student will: Learning outcome # (E-1) - Be able to list the six classes of nutrients and identify examples of feeds containing each. (E-9) - Have a basic understanding of the function of each nutrient needed by livestock. Special Materials and Equipment:Sample feed materials containing one or more of each of the six nutrients Evaluation: Homework assignments and test questions REFERENCES: Bundy and Diggons, LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY PRODUCTION. 2nd Edition, pgs. 1-10. Ensminger, ANIMAL SCIENCE, 5th edition, pgs. 99-141. Morrison, FEEDS AND FEEDING, 9th edition, pgs. 1-15. Ralston Purina Co., ANIMAL NUTRITION HANDBOOK, pgs. 13-21. TOPIC PRESENTATION: NUTRIENT NEEDS 1. Object of Nutrition: a. To obtain and utilize surplus or unusable feed stuffs and convert them to desirable products such as meat, milk, eggs, fiber and work. 2. Definition of Nutrition: a. The science of dealing with the utilization of food by the body and all body processes which transform food into body tissues and activities. 3. Definition of Nutrient a. Any single class of food or group of like foods that aids in the support of life and makes it possible for animals to grow or provides energy for physiological processes. 4. Define Digestible Nutrient: a. That portion of a nutrient which may be broken down (digested) and absorbed and used by the body. 5. Six Nutrients (needed by all livestock and humans): a. Protein b. Carbohydrates c. Fats d. Minerals e. Vitamins f. Water g. Air (sometimes considered the seventh nutrient) ___________________________________________________ ACTIVITY: Have samples of items such as water, grain, legume hay and pellets available. Ask the students what each is composed of. Have them develop a list of of items in their home which contain one or more of the six nutrients. ___________________________________________________ 6. LARGEST CONSTITUENT OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS: a. Water 1) Water accounts for 70% or more of the composition of most plants and animals 7. WATER: a. controls body temperature. b. enables living plants and animals to hold their shape. c. is involved in the transport of nutrients at the cell level through osmosis and diffusion. d. helps in the digestion of feeds. e. serves as a carrier for waste-products resulting from body functions. f. is a major (by volume) part of all body fluids. 8. CARBOHYDRATES: a. furnish energy (old term - "heat") for body functions, growth, fattening, reproduction, etc. b. are the largest part of an animal's food supply, usually the fiberous part of the diet. c. include sugars, starch, and cellulose. d. are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. 9. FATS: a. furnish a concentrated source of energy, up to 2.25 times as much energy as do carbohydrates (i.e., one pound of fat is equivalent to 2.25 pounds of carbohydrate). b. form cholesterol, steroids (hormones) and other body compounds. c. are found in every cell in the body. d. when absent from the diet, affect (among others) the condition of the skin and hair. e. are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, but contain much larger proportions of carbon and hydrogen than do carbohydrates. f. also provide 1) energy reserves; 2) protection for vital organs; and 3) insulate the body. 9. PROTEINS: a. are essential in livestock feeding because they are needed throughout life for growth and repair. b. help to form the greater part of muscles, internal organs, skin, hair, wool, feathers, hoofs and horns. c. contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (in common with fats and carbohydrates) but also contain a fairly constant percentage of nitrogen (about 16 percent). 9. MINERALS: a. are needed in nearly all parts of the body but are found primarily in bones and teeth. b. make up important parts of many organic materials including blood (iron in the hemoglobin molecule in the red blood cell carries oxygen). c. affect heartbeat, which depends upon mineral balance to maintain its regularity (the minerals involved are calcium, sodium and potassium). 10. VITAMINS a. are needed only in minute amounts, but are essential for life and health b. provide a defense against disease, promote growth and reproduction, and contribute to the general health of the animal ___________________________________________________________ ACTIVITY: Using Supplemental Worksheet #1, divide students into pairs or small groups and have each do a five minute presentation on one of the six nutrients (in lieu of a quiz). The presentations may include feeds containing the minerals and deficiency symptoms when they are lacking. ___________________________________________________________ SUPPLEMENTAL WORKSHEET ATTACHED Supplemental Worksheet #2: Nutrition and Feeds | | | NUTRIENT | FUNCTION | DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS | FOUND IN | | | __________________|____________________|_______________________|______________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Supplemental Worksheet #2: Nutrition and Feeds Date_________________ Study Questions Name____________________________ Class_______________________ 1. What is a nutrient? 2. What is a digestible nutrient? 3. What are the six (seven) nutrients needed by livestock? 4. Which nutrient is the largest single constituent of all living plants or animal tissues? 5. What are the functions water performs in plants and animals? 6. What are the functions of carbohydrates in animals? 7. What are the functions of fats in animals? 8. What are the functions of proteins in animals? 9. What are the functions of minerals in animals? 10. What are the functions of vitamins in animals?